Doing Well

Still doing pretty well. I'm currently taking Darzalex monthly, Pomalyst 2 mg daily (28 days of 28), and dexamethasone (Dex) 8 mg weekly. Monthly blood tests don't normally show any cause for concern, and I feel pretty good. Except lately calcium has been a bit high, and the doctors and I are paying some attention to that. Maybe a PET scan is due, or even a bone marrow biopsy, since my myeloma seems to have become "nonsecretory" (it may not secrete detectable immunoglobulin fragments). Ugh.

I like a beer in the evening, but I skip that on Dex days and on the two days afterward. On infusion day I don't exercise a lot, but every other day we three go for a nice, fast walk, at least 2 miles and often 4 miles. As winter approaches we're planning to make a trip to the Mall of America at least one day per week and a nearer mall another day each week. Both malls allow walkers in the mornings before the stores open, so it's warm and safe. Otherwise we do have local options including our own treadmill.

In addition, my computer is programmed to remind me to walk some stairs every hour, and I usually do that. Three flights down and back up is enough to get the heart pumping. Four is better.

Life is filled with medical appointments right now. Monday is a CT scan in preparation for a dental implant; Tuesday is the Darzalex infusion; and Wednesday I meet with a favorite doctor for the Medicare annual wellness visit. Thursday I had an eye refraction, but I've cancelled that because I had one recently enough.

Not Dead Yet

Not even close, doing pretty well actually, though I should post more often. I was diagnosed with myeloma in July, 2003, and according to my math that's well over 16 years ago. My family and I go to two different support groups, and I get celebrated as one of the long-timers. I like that, so very preferable to being dead, I think.

I've been on Pomalyst (Pom) since March of 2008, with the exception of one year when the Pom trial ended. Trials of three different experimental regimens failed me then, but Darzalex became approved and the combo of Darzalex, Pom, and dexamethasone (dex) brought my numbers way back down. Eventually we eased up a bit, gradually dropping the dex altogether and reducing the Pom from every day to 21 days out of 28. That may have been a mistake.

Mayo Clinic Rochester MN

IgG and M-Spike stayed way down for three years, but last spring my shoulder began to hurt and my lambda light chains crept up almost to the top of their range. A PET scan showed a bright, colorful lesion in the right scapula, even though IgG and M-Spike said nothing about it.

The radiation treatments started the very next Monday, 10 daily sessions with breaks only for weekends. When that doctor heard that I was 16 years from diagnosis, he allowed that my myeloma must be "indolent," like a lazy schoolboy. Well OK, but here it was threatening the use of my right arm! Happily, the PET scan after that treatment showed only a very small lesion remaining in the scapula. Doc did good.

I'm back on Pom every day, Darzalex once a month, and dex 12 mg/week. The arm feels great, IgG and M-Spike are fine, and lambda light chains are right in the center where they belong. We'll find out more with another PET scan in March at Mayo Clinic.

Myeloma Beatdown

Blogging again.

June 26, 2019.

After a lovely, easy, three-year ride on a two-drug myeloma regimen, my right shoulder was hurting and a PET scan showed a lesion (a collection of myeloma cells showing bright red) in my right scapula. M-spike and IgG hadn't changed, but Lambda Light Chains had more than doubled. The myeloma was back. It never gives up.

My Mayo doctor ordered radiation treatment of that lesion, and added dexamethasone to the two-drug therapy. Now, a month later, the ten radiation treatments are complete and I'm taking the dex. Last week's blood test showed Lambda light chains back down to normal again, a very good sign.

Another PET scan and doctor's appointment in a couple of months will tell us whether that scapula really is better. I think it is, because my shoulder doesn't hurt any more. It itches a little, because the radiation lightly toasted the skin over the scapula, but I don't mind and it will heal.

A lesson learned:  A lesion formed but neither M-Spike nor IgG went up, which means that at least some of my myeloma is "nonsecretory" (doesn't secrete monoclonal proteins).  Therefore we'll have to pay more attention to Lambda Light Chains. Maybe I'll need more PET scans too?  I wonder if there's a limit on those these days. Checking Lambda Light Chains is just a simple blood draw for a lab test, though it's nowhere near as comprehensive as a PET.

PET Scan Looks Good

Before I started the current regimen, a PET scan last April 9 displayed five different lytic lesions, three of them in the spine.  Last Wednesday's PET scan showed that all five lesions are significantly decreased, and most are gone.  One isn't even mentioned.

This is excellent news.  We knew that my M-Spike and IgG were down to about 40% of their April values, but that doesn't guarantee freedom from bone damage.  With these PET results, we can be pretty sure that no damage is occurring.  As we looked at the PET images together, Dr WG showed me a small chunk missing from a vertebra - looked like about BB size - damage that did occur before this regimen, but probably not bad enough to put the vertebra at risk of breaking.

So what is this potent regimen?  Please note: I am not a doctor.  This is working for me, but might not for you.  I am taking Pomalyst (pomalidomide) orally, 2 mg daily, 28 days of 28, and receiving infusions of Darzalex (daratumumab).  At first I received the Darzalex weekly, then every other week, and the last three have been four weeks apart.  According to the Darzalex prescribing document, these monthly infusions continue "until disease progression."

PET Radiology Report

I'm all for that.  Notice, though, the presumption of disease progression,  Myeloma always figures out a way.  So now that the myeloma is stable, the hope is that the period of stability will last a long time.  Happily, neither medication brings serious side effects with it.

With the Pomalyst and darzalex I am also taking dexamethasone (DEX) 12 mg on the weeks with no Darzalex infusion.  I asked Dr WG if I could stop the DEX, but he said that he prefers to ramp it down slowly.  He voiced the scenario that I have feared from the outset - a broken vertebra would most likely put an end to my running lifestyle.  As he suggests, I will happily (or grumpily) take 8 mg once weekly for the next month at least, before reducing it further.  DEX is no fun, but 8 is better than 12.

Overall the news is good, and life is great.  Before long we'll be off to Philly, to run the 100th marathon with myeloma.

All Good News

Friday, August 19, 2016:

Wednesday I brought a Mayo Clinic blood draw "kit" to the local clinic, where they drew the blood and shipped it overnight back to Mayo.  Last evening the results showed up on Mayo's patient portal, and I'm happy!

Since early April my treatment regimen has been 2 mg of Pomalyst every day, with infusions of Darzalex every week and then every other week, currently with 12 mg of dexamethasone (DEX) on the weeks between Darzalex infusions.  During that time my IgG and M-Spike dropped about 20% per month until a month ago, then leveled off.

Wednesday's results confirmed that IgG and M-Spike are stable, at least for now.  IgG was 515 mg/dL two months ago, 544 last month, and 506 on Wednesday.  M-Spike followed a similar pattern and was 0.5 g/dL on wednesday.  These numbers are as low as they have ever been since my diagnosis 13 years ago, and just a third of their values of last April.  The chemo regimen is doing a great job for me.

Where to from here?  Could we cut the Pomalyst or the DEX?  It's nice to think about, but mostly I'm just happy to be stable for now and content to wait another month.  I suppose another PET scan is indicated, to be sure that the lesions in my vertebrae have faded back (as I think they have), but I can wait for that too.  I haven't heard from Dr WG at Mayo yet - perhaps he will have a different idea.

I also had a heart disease scare in the last marathon, but a recent stress test was normal, actually better than normal, so I think the angina-like symptoms were caused by acid reflux.  Also, because my most recent colonoscopy was ten years in the past, the doc ordered one of those and that too was negative.  I feel thoroughly checked out and ready to run a few more marathons!

Yellow Roses

Wednesday, May 25, 2016:

My sweeties and I bought a nice bouquet of yellow roses to celebrate my latest treatment results.  In the last four weeks on Pomalyst (pomalidomide)(POM) and Darzalex (daratumumab)(DARA) my IgG has dropped 20% from 807 to 644 mg/dL, and M-spike 25% from 0.8 to 0.6 g/dL.  These numbers are the lowest that I have seen in my 13 years with myeloma.

Not all of that progress comes in the last four weeks, of course.  Here is a chronology of treatments and results since January, 2016:

• Wed Feb 17 First Zometa infusion, serious reaction to something, likely the Zometa (not relevant to these results).  Still on two-MAB trial. 
• Wed Mar 9 Last trial-drug infusion, then next day PET shows myeloma progression, stop trial and start POM immediately, 2 mg daily & 40 mg dexamethasone (DEX) weekly. 
• Thu Mar 24 Myeloma markers tested after 2 weeks on POM/DEX & trial drug, which has a half life of about four weeks.  Numbers down, see chart. 
• Tue Apr 05 After 4 weeks on POM/DEX & trial drug, M-spike down but can't continue trial drug, start DARA next day. 
• Mon Apr 25 After 3 weeks of POM/DEX & DARA plus fading trial drug, markers down significantly. 
• Wed May 25 After 7 weeks of POM/DEX & DARA, IgG and M-spike down to all-time lows.

Currently all of the immunoglobulins that we measure, IgG, IgA, and IgM, are below the bottom of their respective reference ranges and lower than I have ever seen any of them.  Implications?  For sure, my immune system is weaker than normal, but I don't know if it is actually weaker than it was before the POM/DARA regimen began.  I wish that IgA and IgM weren't so low, but perhaps that is the price to be paid for now, because the myeloma tumor burden has been reduced significantly - has to be.

That's the very good part.  I try to visualize the inside of my bones, dark red tubes with those little Y-shaped IgG Kappa immunoglobulins floating around hunting for the errant plasma cells and taking them out one by one.  Yee-ha!  Take that.

Somehow the POM plays an important part in this scenario too.  I haven't figured out how to visualize that, but for now it's enough to imagine that the POM weakens the cancer cells by reducing their fuel supply, or makes them easier to find, or recruits other parts of the immune system to help,
or whatever it is that POM does so well.

What's next?  One more weekly infusion of DARA, and then, as long as the regimen continues to work, every two weeks until September, and every four weeks thereafter "until disease progression," according to the Darzalex prescribing guide.  The worst-case result would be progression of the disease within weeks, and the best result would be a complete response, where immunoglobulin levels actually return to normal and the myeloma cannot be detected except by extraordinary measurement methods.  The most likely result is in between.  Time will tell, and patience is demanded even if patience is in short supply.

Technical thoughts:

For myeloma geeks: Darzalex is a monoclonal antibody which attacks the myeloma cells directly, just as my own antibodies and other immune defenses can attack them, but more effectively.  It is an immunoglobulin of type IgG Kappa, whereas my monoclonal myeloma cells are type IgG Lambda.  How do the measurements of IgG and M-spike distinguish between these two monoclonal antibodies, when I had received an infusion of Darzalex just the day before the test?  In each infusion I receive a 1200-mg dose of monoclonal antibodies.  When that is diluted by about 5 liters (50 dL) of blood (typical for a human body), it comes to 1200/50 = 24 mg/dL, which is a small value compared with the 644 mg/dL of my own (good and bad) IgG.  Check my math please.

However, since the Darzalex has an estimated half life of 18 days and I am getting weekly infusions, my blood contains more than just the most-recent dose, so maybe the correct amount is two or three times as high, perhaps 50 to 75 mg/dL.  That's a guess - the actual math is well above my pay grade.  Even so, the concentration of treatment antibodies is only about 10% of the reported value of IgG, 644 mg/dL.  Dr WG suggested that the technician who reads the M-spike could separate the myeloma from the treatment, but I don't know if that works for the quantitative measurement of IgG.  More to learn.

Personal thoughts:

Ms Wood Duck on our patio

Two grandchildren are visiting this weekend.  One is learning about birds, and watched a mother wood duck go into our new wood duck house to lay an egg.  The other is sitting in Grandma's lap, helping her read books to him, or getting help from Grandpa's in solving puzzles.  Precious moments all around.  When I was diagnosed the common wisdom was 3 to 5 years and out, but here we are 13 years later enjoying grandchildren who weren't even born then.  I feel so lucky that novel medicines like Pomalyst and Darzalex have kept me alive to get to know them, and for them to know their grandpa.

Pomalyst, Darzalex, and Corticosteroids

Weekly Infusion Number 6:  Blood draw, doctor visit, pre-medications, and Darzalex, about 6 hours total.

I took 20 mg dexamethasone last night, as part of the Pomalyst regimen, and received 100 mg of prednisone IV before the Darzalex, as part of that regimen.

As before no problems, no infusion reactions.  This is getting boring.

Boring is good.  I love boring.

Stunning Myeloma Marker Results

In the three weeks of this new three-drug regimen, Pomalyst, Darzalex, and dexamethasone (DEX), IgG has dropped 39%, from 1330 mg/dL to 807 mg/dL, in tests done by Mayo Clinic.  This spectacular result brings IgG to the lowest level I have seen since my diagnosis in 2003.  To confirm that result M-Spike dropped 33%, from 1.2 to 0.8 g/dL, also the lowest value since 2003, when it was measured once at 0.52 g/dL.

This appears to be a spectacularly good omen, but a few things temper my enthusiasm just a little:

1. Three weeks ago, at the beginning of the new regimen, my blood also contained about a half dose of a different monoclonal antibody, unnamed because it was part of a study.  That agent declines in strength with about a four week half life, and it had been about four weeks.  Thus I have actually been treated by a four-drug combination, with one drug half gone and gradually disappearing.  We don't know what will happen when it is entirely gone.  No one has done this before.

2. Just yesterday, after the blood was taken for these tests, we reduced the DEX and moved the day that I take it to the night before the infusion.  The goal is to reduce the side effects of the DEX, but going forward it might also reduce its benefit if we're unlucky with this change.

3. In any case, three weeks is just not enough time to evaluate a new regimen.  Stuff happens.

Despite all of this temperance talk, todays results are amazing and wonderful.  They have to mean something good.  In four more weeks the tests will be repeated, and we are hoping for more great news.  In the meantime, I'll get another infusion every week. It went very well today - again no infusion reactions.

Better DEX Experience

Three weeks ago I whined mightily about taking DEX.  The worst problem was acid reflux the second night after taking it, but there were other issues too.  I'm happy to say that I have had better experiences since then.

Acid reflux:

Lots of good people offered great suggestions regarding the heartburn (acid reflux).  This formula has worked for three weeks in a row.  After the worst heartburn of my life, now zero heartburn:

• I take the 40 mg of DEX with food at the Sunday evening meal, and the reflux happens (happened) Monday night.
• No food at all in the last few hours before going to bed Monday night.  I figure two hours may be the minimum, although I have not tried less than three.
• No beer or other alcohol at all Monday.
• No chocolate after noon Monday.
• No coffee after noon Monday.
• Take a Zantac with dinner Monday night, but no other time.
• Take calcium citrate 250 mg twice daily every day.  No other calcium works the same.
• Drink some extra water if there is even a hint of a symptom after dinner Monday night.

Other:
        

The sleeplessness on Monday and Tuesday nights has improved too - I guess my rickety old body is getting accustomed to the DEX once again.  I'm still hyper on Monday and grumpy on Tuesday and Wednesday, but getting better.
     

It's not like I haven't taken this stuff before!  My Mayo doc is hoping to get me down to 20 mg and reduce it from there if the new regimen does the trick,  More about the new regimen in the next post.  

Whining About DEX

Dexamethasone (DEX) is a part of many myeloma regimens - my doctor says "everything works better with DEX."  I've taken it before, and not liked it then, but this most recent experience is something new indeed.

Sunday night I took the "usual" 40 mg dose, ten little 4 mg tablets, at bedtime.  In the past this has worked OK for me because the DEX doesn't interfere with my sleep that first night.  And it didn't interfere Sunday night, I slept well.  Monday, then, was "DEX day," full of energy, as if 200% caffeinated all day.  I got a lot done, including an energetic 4-mile walk/run.

Trouble started at bedtime Monday night.  Never in my life have I had such heartburn - was that from the DEX?  I suppose so, I think so.  I slept very little that night, awake because of the DEX and forced to sit up for part of the night to ease the acid reflux.  In the morning my esophagus was still inflamed, warm coffee causing pain when it reached the bottom.

Tuesday became another DEX day, my body once again on full alert.  I tried for a much needed nap, but no dice.  Again I got a lot done, rounding up materials for a wood duck house that we are building for our back yard, and preparing for our upcoming 93rd marathon, but I felt like I was running on empty.  Tuesday night I did finally fall asleep after a couple of restless hours, but awoke again at 4:00 am only to lie there until rising.

Wednesday was strange.  I felt like someone else, I don't know who.  Not sick, but not OK.  I did finally get an afternoon nap, and Wednesday night I was able to sleep, waking Thursday morning mostly recovered.

I really don't want to have that experience again, especially the acid reflux, which might actually have caused permanent injury at the bottom of the esophagus.  I know that the doctors believe that the 40 mg dose of DEX is more effective than a lower dose, but I wonder if it is worth the unpleasantness and, indeed, the risk.  I can try to manage the acid reflux by finishing the supper meal at least two hours before bedtime, and skipping my usual one beer and all chocolate.  I will take calcium citrate morning and evening, and perhaps eventually take a prescription remedy if necessary - I don't have such a prescription yet and don't know if there really is an effective one.

The current plan is to take the full 40 mg once more this coming Sunday and see how it goes.  Sigh.

In other news I am now taking Pomalyst once again, 2 mg daily.  This can suppress neutrophils, but a CBC on Wednesday showed them at 5.2 k/uL, which is about twice what my neutrophils usually run.  I don't know why - does DEX help with neutrophils?  A quick Google search suggests that it may indeed help, possibly one of the reasons that "everything works better with DEX."  Oh well, let's try one more week.

Adventure In Pain

Lots has happened since my last post, and this is a record of those events.  I have to write it somewhere.  It's interesting to me, part of the journey, but you'll be the judge.  It's mostly whining.

Background for the reader:  Last Wednesday I had an infusion of a study drug and an infusion of Zometa, and also began a week of oral Valtrex in case my back pain might be the prodrome for shingles.  By Friday the pain in my back and abdomen was much more pronounced, continuing into Saturday.  I posted about that here.

Saturday, February 20, 2016:

I have a new respect for people who are obliged to tolerate serious, chronic pain.  It consumes me, clouds my mind, makes focus difficult, and I want to lie down and sleep until it goes away.  But sleep is not always possible either.  I can't eat, because nothing sounds good and because it would probably come up again anyway.  To other people I must be a total dud, a zombie, no personality at all except as a whiner.

Saturday evening my sweetie took me to the emergency room at a small but very competent local hospital.  Since the pain seemed to be located in the right rear quadrant of my lower abdomen, they did a CT scan there.  They found nothing, sending me home with a prescription for Vicodin (not fillable at that time of Saturday night without a long drive).  Factoid: Vicodin prescriptions can't be faxed in - you have to bring a paper copy to the pharmacy with the doctor's actual signature on the actual paper.

Sunday, Feb 21:

I had a bad night with little sleep, but in the morning my right eye was acting strange.  The eyelid drooped, it hurt a little to look to the side, or up, or down, and at first I couldn't get it to point where the left was pointing.  I was concerned that this might be another symptom of the onset of shingles, this time in the eye, so at 8:00 am we were in Urgent Care.  We saw a very competent NP who basically instructed me to contact the on-call eye doctor and get my butt over there.

I did, and she was wonderful, opening her office for me on Sunday.  After almost an hour and a half of tests she concluded that shingles was a very unlikely cause of my symptoms, though she couldn't actually diagnose the cause.  If symptoms worsened she wanted me to come in the next day, a normal work day.  If not, then Tuesday to see another eye doctor.

The abdominal pain had not gone away, of course, so she tolerated my mopey zombieness quite well I thought.  That pain made for another miserable day and night, with little sleep of any quality.  Neither naproxen nor acetaminophen helped much, though I didn't try them together.  I stopped the Valtrex, just in case it was part of the cause.  No help.

Monday, Feb 22:

The right eye seemed a little better in the morning, not normal, but no need for another urgent eye-doc visit.

By 7:00 am I was calling for an appointment with my regular primary doc, who is a good one.  His schedule was full until Thursday, so I got an appointment with a different doc who is an internist but has experience with myeloma patients.  Then I went back to the hospital for an ultrasound of the lower right abdomen.  Like the CT scan Saturday night, the ultrasound found no problems.

The doc was lucky draw!  He quickly sorted out the options, cut through the crap, and diagnosed the pain as (1) A reaction to the Zometa infusion, or (2) Pressure on the spinal cord from the myeloma and associated inflammation.  If he was right the pain wasn't in the lower abdomen at all, it just felt like it.  Like the ER doctor, he recommended the Vicodin, especially at night.  "You can't heal if you can't sleep."

I went home and thought about inflammation.  What is the most powerful anti-inflammatory I have on hand?  Dexamethasone (DEX) - everyone knows that.  Willing to try almost anything, but not ready for the Vicodin until evening, I took one tiny 4 mg DEX tablet.  That's not much DEX - in myeloma treatments a normal dose of DEX is ten of those tablets, totaling 40 mg, once per week.  It didn't help right away, but I went to bed about 2:00 pm and was able to get to sleep.

I awoke three hours later and the pain was gone.  All of it.  That tiny tablet of DEX was MAGIC!  I had a wonderful evening, ate well, had a beer, enjoyed some TV with my sweeties, then slept like a log.  As life should be.

Tuesday, Feb 23:

Fasting blood glucose was 114 and pulse oxygen 98 on waking.  I sometimes measure glucose when on DEX, and this was a different dose.  114 is fine.

The right eye seemed still better, though not best yet.  I saw another ophthalmologist, who concluded that the cause was most likely a temporary loss of blood flow to a nerve bundle that serves the eyelid and the muscles which steer that eye.  The eye itself is fine, not involved.  This happens, he says, and in my case the nerves luckily seem to be recovering, and might actually recover fully.  What caused the loss of blood flow?  He wouldn't opine, but there sure is lots going on.  I have a followup appointment months from now.

The back and abdominal pains were still gone, and I felt wonderful, full of pep.  We went to the YMCA where I walked three miles at a pretty good pace of about 14 minutes per mile.  This was a very good day!

Toward afternoon the pain began to return in my back.  By bedtime it felt as though a blunt object like a butter knife was pressed hard against my back along the right side of my spine.  Though the abdominal pain did not return, this sharper pain also became a 7 of 10 and made sleep difficult.  I kept trying to find a comfortable position, but position didn't much matter.  At midnight I took a Vicodin, my first, only to find that it had no perceivable benefit.  At all.  The pain remained.  The bottle says it's OK to take two, but if one didn't help at all then I supposed that two would only double the side effects without much benefit.

Therefore, at 2:00 am I gave up on the Vicodin and took another 4 mg tablet of DEX.  Three hours later I felt much better and slept soundly.  Better to treat the inflammation than try to mask the pain, I guess.

Wednesday, Feb 24 (today):

The right eye is better yet.  Waking blood glucose on DEX was 116.

The back pain isn't entirely gone this time, maybe a 1 or 2 of 10, as it was for a few weeks prior to last Wednesday's infusions.  Why wasn't the DEX as magical this time?  Did the inflammation get a little worse in two days, or have my body and the inflammation become accustomed to the DEX?  Anyway I sit down carefully right now, instead of plopping into my chair.

What's next?

I may be off the study - I don't know if two little doses of DEX are permissible, especially when it seems that more doses may be necessary.

I'm not sure that I care, though.  In my opinion the myeloma markers should have turned the corner and headed back down within these eleven weeks of the study.  I have calls in to both of my Mayo doctors to discuss this, and to discuss the future regimen if I go off the study.  They are good at calling back - I'm sure I will hear from someone by tonight.  I'll report back to you.

If you have actually read all of this, you have gone well beyond the call of duty.  You are my hero!  If you didn't read all of it, I suspect you are in very good company :-)

Be well, be strong.

Innovative Treatment for Relapsed and Newly-Diagnosed Myeloma

Friday night I attended a satellite session hosted by Celgene, the makers of Revlimid and other drugs. Dr David H Vesole, of Hackensack University Medical Center, focused on the newest treatments for myeloma. He said that the two most important tools are Revlimid and Velcade (and he might as well have included dexamethasone (DEX) because it is almost always combined with Revlimid and Velcade).

The new kid on the block is all three, termed VRD. In one study it produced a response in 100% of patients, and a very good partial response (VGPR) or better in 75%. That's pretty amazing. Unfortunately, though, 15% of patients experienced severe neuropathy. Other studies suggest that low-dose DEX may work as well, and with once-weekly Velcade instead of twice-weekly, neuropathy may be reduced to a much smaller number of patients. Continued maintenance with Revlimid improves the result.

Potential newer kids on the block:

• Carfilzomib: This is a "proteazome inhibitor" (interferes with the cell's ability to dispose of waste) like Velcade. Carfilzomib seemed to be on a fast track, but is back in phase I trials to zero in on the maximum tolerable dosage. At lower dosages it appears as effective as Velcade but with only 1% of patients experiencing severe neuropathy. At the higher dosages it may be even more effective, but neuropathy may be increased. I spoke to one person in the sales booth who thought it was still a year and a half away from FDA approval.
• Pomalidomide: I have been on a Phase II study of pomalidomide for 30 cycles. It's an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) with the capacity to suppress parts of the immune system, particularly myeloma cells, which are wayward plasma cells. Dr Lacy from Mayo Clinic will be presenting a talk which shows a 49% objective response rate even among patients for whom Revlimid and Velcade (both) are no longer effective. I don't know when this drug will be approved - it seems to be on a slow track, and I wonder (lacking specific knowledge) if Celgene has sufficient incentive to hurry this better drug to market as long as Revlimid is making them so much money.

Unanswered questions according to Dr Vesole:

• Should patients be pushed toward a complete response (CR) when a good response is already obtained? Studies do suggest that they do better.
• Is a four-drug combination better than three? The jury is still out, and one study says that they are only equal.
• What do we do when a patient on a three-drug combination relapses?

Actual sign on a Montana interstate:

April Fools Test Results

Thursday, April 1, was the end of Cycle 27 of my trial of pomalidomide (previously CC-4047). The cancer has been declining or stable for more than two years now, and it was again Thursday. M-spike is still 1.0 g/dL, and IgG is down slightly, indicating that the M-spike value is probably correct. So that's good - wonderful even. Worth a celebration!

But some of the other test results are strange.

Liver Enzymes:

The reference range for AST is 8-48 U/L, mine was 85. The range for ALT is 7-55 U/L, mine was 112. They have been out-of-range high before, but not this high. Two possible explanations: (1) I had taken Biaxin, an antibiotic, to treat an infection in my hand, for the three days prior to the blood draw. Liver injury is a possible side effect of Biaxin; and (2) Muscle injury can also raise those enzymes, and I had run pretty hard on Tuesday, which always damages muscle a little bit. No doubt there are more possible explanations that I don't know about.

Dr KDS switched me to Keflex (cephalexin) to deal with the chance that Biaxin is the problem. And my primary care physician (PCP), the local Dr L, will recheck the liver enzymes on Monday.

Neutrophils:

Dexamethasone (DEX) actually helps support the neutrophil count. Since I've discontinued DEX, neutrophils have trended downward. Last month they were 1290 per uL, this month 940. That's a surprisingly big drop. The myeloma doctors don't want it to go below 1000, so if it stays down there we will have to reduce the dosage of pomalidomide, probably by stopping the treatment altogether for seven days out of each 28. For obvious reasons, we don't want to do that.

We know that other stuff is going on, though. I have a hand infection, I'm taking antibiotics, liver enzymes are high, so PCP Dr L will also recheck neutrophils on Monday. Then we'll worry about the pomalidomide dosage.

Free Light Chains:

Lambda light chains decreased from 2.10 to 1.82 mg/dL, which by itself sounds good. However, Kappa light chains plummeted from 1.06 to 0.27, and the ratio therefore went down from 0.50 to 0.15. Since Lambda and Kappa measurements tend to move together, the sharp decrease in the Kappa value calls the Lambda value into question. I can't make any sense of this. I'm hoping that the Kappa result is just wrong. Wacko. We'll see next month.

Red Blood Cells:

My red blood cell count has been below the bottom of the reference range every month but one since the start of the pomalidomide trial. This time it's just above the bottom, into the normal range, and hemoglobin is up too. Hurray! I have noticed that I can run a little faster too- maybe that's why.

Other Discussion with Dr KDS:

• Bone Density: Dr KDS had looked at last month's DEXA scan and told Dr D, a Mayo bone-health specialist, that my myeloma is under control but that I am a runner and a fracture would be devastating (like it wouldn't be for anyone!). My densities are:
  • Femur necks: T-score is -1.1, indicating mild osteopenia. Density for each is about 0.93 g/cm(sq). This is down about 3% from 2003, though Dr D didn't know about previous scans.
  • Lumbar spine: T-score is -1.2, indicating mild osteopenia. Density average for L1-L4 is 1.08 g/cm(sq). This is down about 4% since 2003, also unknown to Dr D.
  Dr D suggested Fosamax (alendronate) 70 mg per week, for not more than five years.
• I have a lot of faith in my PCP Dr L, and told Dr KDS that I would discuss this with him and get the prescription from him if he recommends it. Another topic for Monday.
• I took chlorophyllin this month, a new supplement, to help boost neutrophils. Since it didn't seem to do any good, and some other results are screwy, we agreed that the chlorophyllin would be stopped right away. Done.
• I am still taking naproxen sodium (Aleve) 220 mg once daily, to deal with headache and because there is a small chance that it will have some anti-myeloma effect, as Celebrex seems to have. Dr KDS had no problem with this.

Bisphosphonates for Myeloma:

Mayo Clinic and other medical institutions are backing away somewhat from the use of IV bisphosphonates, prescribing Aredia instead of Zometa and limiting the treatment to two years or so. And here you see a recommendation for an oral bisphosphonate (Dr D above) where an IV drug would have been prescribed just a year or two ago. Bisphosphonates remain in the bones for many years, and there is some evidence that overuse can lead to brittleness because the bones cannot renew themselves in the normal way.

Bone doctors estimate the probability of a broken bone with a formula called FRAX. When I put my numbers into the FRAX Calculator, I get a 6% risk of any fracture over the next ten years, and a 1% risk of a hip fracture. That's pretty low, not much above the risk for the general population. But FRAX is optimistic for a myelomiac, because myeloma tends to cause bones to weaken more rapidly than normal, especially in areas where myeloma lesions form. It will be an interesting discussion with my PCP Dr L.

Mayo Clinic Results Are On Line:

If you have ever been a Mayo Clinic patient, you can go HERE to log on and view results. I don't know how far back the results go, but mine are there from my initial treatment at Mayo in March, 2008. Not every result is there - a recent electrocardiogram is missing - but all of the normal (even abnormal) labs are there. You will have to get set up to log in and view your results, though, which involves mailing in a notarized form. Or you can sign up in person at your next appointment.

Some current test results:

Test		Jan 07		Feb 04		Mar 04		Apr 01		Remarks
M-spike g/dL		1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0		Best tumor measure
IgG mg/dL		1110		1180		1130		1070		Variation is normal
L FLC mg/dL		2.18		2.78		2.10		1.82		L Free light chains
Calcium mg/dL		9.6		9.8		10.1		9.8		Below 10.2 is best
Creat mg/dL		1.1		1.1		1.0		1.2		Kidney, normal
HGB g/dL		14.4		14.2		14.7		14.6		Hemoglobin, normal
RBC M/uL		4.05		4.00		4.17		4.39		Red cells, normal
WBC K/uL		3.5		3.8		3.4		3.3		White cells, low
ANC K/uL		1.38		1.22		1.29		0.94		Neutrophils, LOW!

Related links:

My Myeloma		A discussion of my myeloma, not very technical.
My Treatment History		Not technical.
My Test Charts		Graphic displays of several key test results over time.
My Test Result Table		Best with a wide browser window. Somewhat technical.
My Supplement Regimen		With links to where I buy them.

Oatmeal underneath, of course. Huge organic strawberries, blueberies, kiwi, walnuts, and organic kefir.

March 4, 2010, end of Cycle 26:

Two years ago this week, I started on a trial of the new drug pomalidomide (then called CC-4047) with dexamethasone (DEX). Within a few months my M-spike was down from 2.7 to 1.0 g/dL, where it has remained since, going as low as 0.8 and as high as 1.1. Pomalidomide is good stuff. It seems to produce a response in most myelomiacs, including many for whom other treatments have failed to work. I do hope that Celgene and the FDA can get together quickly and get it approved.

I am currently taking only two prescribed drugs: (1) Pomalidomide, 2 mg per day; and (2) Aspirin, 325 mg per day. I would also take acyclovir to ward off shingles, but acyclovir is hard to get right now.

M-spike was unchanged at 1.0 g/dL at the end of this 28-day cycle. IgG was down 4% at 1130 mg/dL, which is probably good - IgI varies. Lambda free light chains (FLCs) are down a surprising 24%, yet Kappa FLCs are up, suggesting that the Lambda decrease is genuine. I'm not sure what the decrease in Lambda means, but it can't be bad. Total white cell count was 3.4 K/uL, down slightly to the lowest value I've ever had, just below the bottom of the reference range. But the white count bounces around, and neutrophils even went up a little, so we'll just watch it.

At worst, the tumor burden appears stable, despite discontinuing DEX three cycles ago, and at best it may have decreased just a little. Furthermore, neutrophils have stopped their downward slide. I'm a happy camper.

Dr L also ordered a bone-density (DEXA) scan this time. The result for the lumbar spine, vertabrae L1-L4, is a decrease in absolute density of 2% compared with another scan 2 1/2 years ago at a different facility. I'd rather it was an increase, but there could be that much variation between machines, and I'll take it. Results for the femur are less clear to me, because the previous facility reported only one value for femur, and Mayo reported two, called "femur neck" and "total hip." If the "femur neck" value is comparable to the femur value from the previous report, then density actually went up by about 5%. This is possible, because Vitamins D3 and K2 are known to strengthen bones, and I take them very regularly. In any case I still have osteopenia, but not osteoporosis, and I hope to discuss this more with Dr L.

Differences this cycle:

• Dr L ordered 3 days of Biaxin at the beginning of the cycle. More about that below.
• My 30-year chronic headache has started to return, now that I'm off DEX, and I took a capsule of naproxen sodium whenever the headache reminded me, once every day or two. Two years ago, not long after the trial started, the decline in M-spike gradually leveled off in the same months that I gradually stopped using naproxen. Was there a cause and effect? Since Celebrex (celecoxib), a similar NSAID, is thought to have a modest anti-myeloma benefit, it is possible that naproxen might also. In my amateurish and hopeful opinion, it is even possible that pomalidomide and naproxen might be synergistic. If so, we'll take advantage of it.
• I started taking a new supplement, sodium copper chlorophyllin, one week before the blood draw. A recent article in Life Extension Magazine suggests that chlorophyllin may support neutrophil counts during chemotherapy. My neutrophil count did stop falling this time, actually going up slightly from 1.22 to 1.29 K/uL. Neutrophils bounce around a lot however, in response to bacterial threats in the body, so this is not very significant.
• We ran another marathon eleven days ago. I've never noticed that a marathon affects the myeloma results, though.

Discussions with Dr L:

• Biaxin (clarithromycin) is known to potentiate the combination of DEX and an IMID drug, such as Revlimid or thalidomide, and probably pomalidomide. Biaxin is no help by itself, and no one knows whether it would work with ONLY the IMID drug, without the DEX. Dr L prescribed a three-day course of Biaxin a month ago, to prevent a minor skin injury from becoming a major infection. Could those three days of Biaxin have helped the pomalidomide work on my tumor burden, even though I'm not taking DEX, and even though only three days?
• She looked at the skin injury, now just a red spot, and thought it was healing rather slowly. In contrast, I thought it was healing fairly quickly compared with similar, prior experiences on DEX.
• I asked if neutrophils are important to warding off shingles, since my neutrophils are slightly below the bottom of the reference range. She said no, that neutrophils attack bacterial infections, and lymphocytes are more important for shingles and other viruses. Happily, my lymphocytes are smack in the middle of the reference range.
• Somehow the subject of Velcade came up, and she expressed the opinion that Velcade might not be in my short-term future, even if pomalidomide begins to fail, because the twice-weekly infusions and the attendant neuropathy would mess up my very-active lifestyle. I didn't mention that I would prefer once-weekly infusions, and by the way whose lifestyle is NOT messed up by Velcade infusions? I was happy with her patient-centered concern though. Anyway the discussion of the NEXT treatment after pomalidomide seems farther off now that it did a cycle ago.
• I don't recall how this came up, but at one point Dr L said that in a given instance there may be a choice between any of several treatments, all of them good, none of them wrong. Anyway that's what I thought I heard - there may not be a BEST choice.
• I had a bone-density (DEXA) scan this time. When the results of the scan were unknown, I mentioned to Dr L that if a bisphosphonate is indicated, I have a very strong preference for oral rather than IV. To my surprise she agreed wholeheartedly, saying that new information is coming out indicating that myeloma doctors may be over-treating with the IV meds (Aredia and Zometa). The half-life of those bisphosphonates in the bones is 10 years (or did she say 20 years). Too much bisphosphonate may stop the bones from losing density, but the bones may not regenerate themselves. Instead they become brittle and subject to fracture, especially the femur near the hip. Mayo will be coming out with a modification of their mSMART protocols, which may include oral bisphosphonates. At least three different oral bisphosphonates are available, and she wasn't yet sure which she might prefer for me. I think I'd also consult with my primary care physician, my other Dr L, who has a lot of experience with oral bisphosphonates.

What's Next:

I've been taking curcumin 8 g/day, sixteen capsules, and I'm tired of doing that. I might even say I hate it. Curcumin could be helping, but I have little evidence, so I'll stop it and see what happens. Quercetin too. I'll go back to one 500 mg capsule of curcumin per day, and no quercetin, reducing my daily consumption by 23 capsules. Yay!

The chlorophyllin supplement is new, and I will continue that, to support the neutrophils and because it is a good anti-mutagenic agent. I will also take one naproxen capsule per day. I use the liquid type, in the hope that it will be less likely to burn a hole in my innards as some NSAIDs can do.

Some current test results:

Test		Dec 10		Jan 07		Feb 04		Mar 04		Remarks
M-spike g/dL		0.9		1.0		1.0		1.0		Best tumor measure
IgG mg/dL		1090		1110		1180		1130		Variation is normal
L FLC mg/dL		2.36		2.18		2.78		2.10		L Free light chains
Calcium mg/dL		10.0		9.6		9.8		10.1		Below 10.2 is best
Creat mg/dL		1.1		1.1		1.1		1.0		Kidney, normal
HGB g/dL		14.3		14.4		14.2		14.7		Hemoglobin, normal
RBC M/uL		4.00		4.05		4.00		4.17		Red cell count, low
WBC K/uL		3.7		3.5		3.8		3.4		White cells, low
ANC K/uL		1.55		1.38		1.22		1.29		Neutrophils, low

Related links:

My Myeloma		A discussion of my myeloma, not very technical.
My Treatment History		Not technical.
My Test Charts		Graphic displays of several key test results over time.
My Test Result Table		Best with a wide browser window. Somewhat technical.
My Supplements		With links to where I buy them.

Leftover organic chicken or turkey, baked organic sweet potato slices, organic broccoli, jalapena tomato sauce.

When The Receptionist Knows Your Name

January 7, 2010, end of Cycle 24:

You know you're battling cancer when the receptionist at the Mayo Clinic Hematology desk knows your name as you walk in. Happened Thursday.

24 cycles of the pomalidomide (CC-4047, Actimid) study are complete, and it's been a great ride. Not over yet, but Thursday was a hint that it might be over before long. Or was it a hint? The worst news, really, was that M-spike went from 0.9 to 1.0 g/dL. I stopped dexamethasone (DEX) completely for this cycle, the first cycle without it, and M-spike inched up. Maybe. Although M-spike tracks the tumor burden most closely, it is not especially accurate, and IgG only went up a little, from 1090 to 1100 mg/dL, so maybe it didn't really change. IgG is a measure of ALL immunoglobulins, including the monoclonal ones that make up M-spike, so if M-spike goes up by 0.1 g/dL, then IgG has to go up by 100 mg/dL, all else being equal. So I don't know whether to cry in my beer or not. I guess I'll just drink it.

I did try to stave off an increase, with curcumin 8 grams per day and quercetin 4 grams per day during this cycle. Did they help? No way to know, but if they did, they didn't help enough to send M-spike southward. I've also taken ashwagandha for three cycles now, one capsule per day, and I think I'll probably stop that because it made no noticeable improvement for any of the three cycles. I'll keep taking the curcumin and quercetin for another cycle, on the theory that M-spike might have been worse without them.

The other bad news is that my neutrophil count has dropped to 1.38 K/uL, its lowest level ever and well below the bottom of the reference range, which is 1.70 K/uL. Further, my white cell count (which includes neutrophils) confirms this, dropping by just about the same amount. This is one of several possible pomalidomide side effects. I had thought I was immune to this problem, but now that I look closely, both of these numbers have edged downward during the 24 cycles. They bounce around a lot, because neutrophils and other white cells respond to microbial threats in the body, but the trend line tilts slightly downward, as indicated by the blue dots in this chart.

It's possible that those white counts are down partly because my body just hasn't encountered any threats lately. Somehow, I successfully navigated all of the Christmas and New Year's parties, plus a grandson visit, without catching anything. Whatever the reason, however, without sufficient neutrophils a person could develop a life-threatening neutropenic fever, so the pomalidomide study requires a neutrophil count of at least 1.00 K/uL. To keep the count high enough the regimen can be changed, from pomalidomide every day to three weeks on and one week off. If that isn't enough, there may be another way to reduce the dosage, perhaps taking the 2-mg capsules every other day, though we didn't discuss that. Getting ahead of myself here.

Running seems to be going a bit better without the DEX. Dr KDS says that it may take a couple of months for the DEX effects to wear off entirely. I do notice that a small open skin scrape on one ankle has healed over since stopping the DEX, and other little skin injuries heal faster too. I imagine that the microscopic muscle, tendon, and bone injuries that a runner gets all of the time will also heal more quickly. If so, they won't develop into painful injuries that would require me to stop or slow the training. We'll see. Several more marathons ahead this year, if all goes well.

Some current test results:

Test		Oct 15		Nov 12		Dec 10		Jan 07		Remarks
M-spike g/dL		0.9		0.9		0.9		1.0		Best tumor measure
IgG mg/dL		1020		1100		1090		1110		Variation is normal
L FLC mg/dL		2.68		2.61		2.36		2.18		L Free light chains
Calcium mg/dL		10.3		9.8		10.0		9.6		Below 10.2 is best
Creat mg/dL		1.0		1.0		1.1		1.1		Kidney, normal
HGB g/dL		15.0		14.4		14.3		14.4		Hemoglobin, normal
RBC M/uL		4.21		4.00		4.00		4.05		Red cell count, low
WBC K/uL		4.2		3.9		3.7		3.5		White cells, low
ANC K/uL		1.78		1.53		1.55		1.38		Neutrophils, low

Related links:

	My Myeloma		A discussion of my myeloma, not very technical.
	My Treatment History		Not technical.
	My Test Charts		Graphic displays of several key test results over time.
	My Test Result Table		Best with a wide browser window. Very "technical."

Sunshine made this. I ate it for dinner. Yum.

No More DEX!

YAY! After 23 cycles of pomalidomide (CC-4047, Actimid) with dexamethasone (DEX), I've taken my last DEX tablet, at least for a while. Recently I've only been taking 4 mg per week anyway, which probably doesn't do a lot of good but certainly seems to induce most of the same side effects as a larger dose.

Thursday's results (December 10) again show the myeloma to be stable. M-Spike, IgG, and light chains all about the same as 28 days ago. Stable is good - my myeloma and I are at a standoff. Let's hope that continues without the DEX. More actual test results are listed below and from the righthand panel.

Ashwagandha:

No noticeable improvement, so clearly the ashwagandha isn't helping much. Of course it's possible that the myeloma has begun to figure out the pomalidomide, so M-spike would be higher without the ashwagandha, but I doubt it.

DEX Replacement:

First of all, maybe the DEX doesn't need to be replaced. But I'll see if I can find something that will help the pomalidomide, so that I don't have to go back on DEX. In my own earlier efforts to find a treatment, I had thought that nothing did much good, because M-spike never seemed to go down or even stop climbing. Looking back, though, I can see that IgG did stop climbing for a while, even if M-spike didn't seem to, when I was on my "kitchen sink" regimen, taking low-dose naltrexone (LDN) with curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, and EGCG. The truth is that M-spike can't actually climb much when IgG is stable, so M-spike was probably more stable than I thought back then. Now, what would happen if I replaced the DEX with the kitchen sink stuff?

Oh, that's right, LDN is a prescription, so I'd need to discuss that with Dr L and I doubt it would be permitted as part of the study. I need a substitute. LDN is thought to work by causing the body to release endorphins which help somehow, possibly just by inducing a very sound sleep. Well, ashwagandha does that too, at least it seems to put me to sleep. So I guess I'll keep taking the ashwagandha at bedtime. Here's the new regimen, to be merged in with the other supplements that I take:

	Ashwagandha		225		mg
	Curcumin		8000		mg
	Quercetin		4000		mg

If those don't seem to make a difference after a cycle or two, I may try resveratrol and EGCG next. We'll see. Meantime I have to order more of the supplements. The full updated supplement regimen will be available from a link in the right-hand panel soon.

Wild Alaskan Salmon Oil:

We recently spotted this product on the shelves at Costco in Maplewood, MN: Wild Alaskan Salmon Oil. It is made by a company calling itself Alaska Protein Recovery, LLC, and purports to be (1) Free of mercury and other heavy metal pollutants (because Alaskan waters are low in pollution), (2) from a certified sustainable wild-salmon fishery, and (3) "proud to be made in the USA" (i.e. not from China). Two 1000-mg capsules supply 600 mg of omega fatty acids, including DHA 220 mg and EPA 180 mg. I must admit that I don't know if that is good or not - I haven't studied fish oils. The flax oil that I already take shows different fatty acids on its label, so comparison is difficult. I have been taking two flax oil capsules per day, and will now add two salmon oil capsules. Perhaps by the time I've used up the 180 salmon oil capsules I'll know whether this was a good idea or not.

Some current test results:

Test		Sep 17		Oct 15		Nov 12		Dec 10		Remarks
M-spike g/dL		0.9		0.9		0.9		0.9		Best tumor measure
IgG mg/dL		1070		1020		1100		1090		Variation is normal
L FLC mg/dL		2.54		2.68		2.61		2.36		L Free light chains
Calcium mg/dL		9.9		10.3		9.8		10.0		Below 10.2 is best
Creat mg/dL		1.1		1.0		1.0		1.1		Kidney, lower is better
HGB g/dL		14.7		15.0		14.4		14.3		Hemoglobin, normal
RBC M/uL		4.08		4.21		4.00		4.00		Red cell count, low
WBC K/uL		4.1		4.2		3.9		3.7		White cells, normal

Related links:

	My Myeloma		A discussion of my myeloma, not very technical.
	My Treatment History		Not technical.
	My Test Charts		Graphic displays of several key test results over time.
	My Test Result Table		Best with a wide browser window. Very "technical."

More ASH reports coming up.

Mayo Clinic Cycle 22, Still Stable

I've had trouble sitting down to write this post. The Mayo visit was November 12, almost two weeks ago. Plenty to say, but everything else intervenes, and I STILL don't have all the leaves picked up off the lawn.

Test Results:

At the end of Cycle 22 of the Mayo Clinic trial of pomalidomide with dexamethasone (DEX), no change in M-spike. Still 0.9 g/dL, which isn't bad. In fact the lab said it was 0.86 (verbal), but they round up for the written report because the test really isn't accurate enough to support two digits past the decimal. M-spike has hovered between 1.1 and 0.8 g/dL since June of 2008. IgG is up a little, but Lambda free light chains are down a little and the K/L ratio is up (good). Stable!

Calcium is back where it should be, and none of the other tests raise any eyebrows. Enough about test results.

Ashwagandha:

I've taken 225 mg of Sensoril brand ashwagandha every evening for the entire cycle. With no discernible change in test results, it's hard to say that the ashwaghanda has done anything, except help with a good night's sleep. Maybe I should double the dose. Instead, though, I'm now taking the pomalidomide at night, with the ashwagandha, rather than in the morning. That may make a difference, maybe not.

Peripheral Neuropathy:

Some months ago, after 15 cycles of pomalidomide, I noticed some numbness in the soles of my feet and a little tingling in my thumbs. No pain. I immediately did some research and started a new treatment for it, and the neuropathy stabilized. It hasn't changed much now in several months. I do not know whether my treatment is helping to stabilize it, because I haven't stopped the treatment to find out, but for what it's worth, here it is:

Daily dosage:

A good daily vitamin
A good multi-B vitamin
Vitamin B6	100		mg
Vitamin B12 sublingual	1000		mcg
Vitamin E	200		mg
Alpha Lipoic Acid	1200		mg
L-Carnitine	1000		mg
Bromelain	1000		mg
Flax Seed Oil	2000		mg
Curcumin	500		mg

Where it's necessary to take more than one capsule or tablet, I divide the dosage in two, taking half with breakfast and half with dinner.

I also believe in keeping the "peripherals" warm, because healing works far better when tissue is at body temperature. I wear wool socks most of the time, even in bed, and cotton gloves in bed. In addition, we eat very well (nothing that doesn't contribute to health), and get good exercise.

Things that are recommended (somewhere) but which I do not yet do:

• Topical emollient creams, with cocoa butter and spearmint, menthol, or even capsaicin, to stimulate nerves.
• Evening primrose oil supplement.
• "Magnesium Oil."
• L-Glutamine, up to 30 grams daily. I have it on hand, just don't find it convenient to take it.
• Pickle juice can work for cramps, maybe for neuropathy? One friend swears by it.
• Acupuncture.
• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). May have a temporary benefit.
• I don't smoke, but if I did I should stop! Duh.
• Biofeedback.
• Infrared heat.
• There are various gizmos and treatments advertised on the web. Buyer beware.

Related links:

	My Myeloma		A discussion of my myeloma, not very technical.
	My Treatment History		Not technical.
	My Test Charts		Graphic displays of several key test results over time.
	My Test Result Table		Best with a wide browser window. Very "technical."

Some current test results:

Test		Aug 20		Sep 17		Oct 15		Nov 12		Remarks
M-spike g/dL		0.8		0.9		0.9		0.9		Best tumor measure
IgG mg/dL		979		1070		1020		1100		Variation is normal
L FLC mg/dL		2.07		2.54		2.68		2.61		L Free light chains
Calcium mg/dL		9.7		10.0		10.3		9.8		Below 10.2 is best
Creat mg/dL		1.1		1.0		1.0		1.0		Kidney, lower is better
HGB g/dL		14.8		14.5		15.0		14.4		Hemoglobin, normal
RBC M/uL		4.13		4.01		4.21		4.00		Red cell count, low
WBC K/uL		3.9		3.7		4.2		3.9		White cells, normal

Discussion with Dr. L:

• She finished a recent marathon in a very nice time, despite having to wear a lot of clothing to keep warm.
• She thinks that my running inspires hers. As for me, I'm very proud of her.
• In answer to my question, yes, get a pneumonia shot.
• If ashwagandha didn't help in the first month, maybe in another month.
• There is a study of an oral form of Velcade.
• There is also a study of a drug currently in use for renal cancer.
• The pomalidomide trial is now open for people who have failed both Revlimid and Velcade.

American Society of Hematology (ASH):

Apparently it is unusual for a myelomiac to be able to run marathons. Thus far I have been lucky enough to avoid broken bones, and I've done eight marathons this year. The International Myeloma Foundation (IMF) has invited me to attend the annual ASH Conference, December 4-7, as an advocate for new treatments like pomalidomide. I will try to blog about it in real time, and will certainly report on it afterward.

Don finishing the OBX Marathon November 8

Ashwagandha

Mayo Clinic Visit Thursday, October 15, 2009, end of Cycle 21

Blood test results: M-Spike remained the same at 0.9 g/dL, IgG dropped slightly from 1070 to 1020 mg/dL, and Lambda light chains increased slightly from 2.54 to 2.68 mg/dL. These results don't really show a trend one way or another. "Stable" is the word.

Except: calcium is up from 9.9 to 10.3 mg/dL, above the reference range, and we don't know why. High calcium in the blood can indicate that bone damage is occurring. It went that high once before, though, and dropped right back down a month later. Hopefully next month's value will be back within range. I will skip my calcium supplements for a day or two before next month's tests, in case that makes a difference.

Of course I'm still concerned about the longer term, when the Phase II trial of pomalidomide with dexamethasone (DEX) eventually fails for me and a different, less-agreeable treatment will be required. Two months ago we reduced my DEX dosage from 8 to 4 mg once weekly - perhaps that was a mistake. Unfortunately, though, under the terms of the study, DEX can only be decreased and never increased, so if I want to continue taking pomalidomide I will continue taking 4 mg or less of DEX. Pomalidomide is good stuff - I DO want to continue on it for as long as possible.

Ashwagandha:

The study doesn't say much about supplements. Margaret has recently blogged about ashwagandha, also called "withania somnifera," a shrub from India and nearby countries. The root is widely used as a medication in that region, and in alternative medicine in other parts of the world. Margaret took ashwagandha herself, and saw her IgG drop 25% and M-Spike drop 10% over a period of several months. She has written several posts about ashwagandha, all worth reading. Because of her apparent success, I have begun taking ashwagandha in a modest dosage. I ordered the patented Sensoril brand, packaged in capsules by Jarrow. I take one 225-mg capsule daily, the amount suggested on the bottle, at bedtime because it also induces a restful sleep.

In addition, I have added 100 mg of ordinary vitamin B6 to my regimen as an additional treatment for the mild neuropathy that is induced by the pomalidomide, and doubled the supplements for thyroid. The entire daily supplement regimen is available from a link in the right-hand panel.

Related links:

	My Myeloma		A discussion of my myeloma, not very technical.
	My Treatment History		Not technical.
	My Test Charts		Graphic displays of several key test results over time.
	My Test Result Table		Best with a wiiide browser window. Very "technical."

Some recent test results:

Test		Jul 23		Aug 20		Sep 17		Oct 15		Remarks
M-spike g/dL		0.8		0.8		0.9		0.9		Best tumor measure
IgG mg/dL		1010		979		1070		1020		Variation is normal
L FLC mg/dL		1.95		2.07		2.54		2.68		L Free light chains
Calcium mg/dL		9.6		9.7		10.0		10.3		Below 10.2 is best
Creat mg/dL		1.0		1.1		1.0		1.0		Kidney, lower is better
HGB g/dL		14.0		14.8		14.5		15.0		Hemoglobin, normal
RBC M/uL		3.93		4.13		4.01		4.21		Red cell count, low
WBC K/uL		5.6		3.9		3.7		4.2		White cells, normal

Discussion with Dr. KDS:

Don:

• Peripheral neuropathy from the pomalidomide has not changed much in this cycle. Still some numbness in the bottoms of my feet and in my thumbs. There is also a little tingling but no pain. The "tickle" sensation in my feet, sensitivity to light touch, might actually have improved somewhat, but the sensitivity to pressure has definitely not improved.
• Many myelomiacs get shingles, because of compromised immune systems. I'd rather not, thank you. So I asked Dr. KDS about the shingles vaccine:
  • It is a live-virus vaccine, and not recommended for people who are immunocompromised; but
  • I don't get sick much - no empirical evidence that my immune system actually IS compromised, but
  • She pointed out that IgA, IgG, and IgM are important parts of the immune system, and in my case both IgA & IgM are at very low levels;
  • Further, if we subtract the monoclonal (worthless) M-Spike component of IgG from the total IgG, the remaining "good" IgG is also well below normal; so
  • I guess I really do have a compromised immune system. Not enough immunoglobulin goblins. **
  • Dr. KDS knows of a case where an immuno-compromised patient actually DID get shingles from the vaccine. Ouch.
  • I suggested using the killed-virus chicken-pox vaccine off-label as a shingles vaccine, but don't recall her response. It wasn't positive.

KDS on flu vaccines for myelomiacs, same advice as last month:

• Get the 2009 H1N1 vaccine as soon as it is available to me. I am not in one of the highest-priority groups.
• Get the seasonal flu vaccine when it is available to me.

Don's thoughts on flu vaccines for myelomiacs (Dr. KDS is not implicated in the following content :-)):

• Seasonal Vaccine:
  • So far, the CDC is not seeing much seasonal flu. In their latest report, almost all of the viruse samples submitted to them in the week Oct 4-10 were found to be 2009 H1N1.
  • Therefore, we need not rush to get the seasonal vaccine, because there isn't much risk of encountering the virus yet. However:
    • The seasonal flu is at least as deadly as 2009 H1N1;
    • Tens of thousands of people DIE from it every year in the USA alone; and
    • Those of us with compromised immune systems are especially at risk; so
    • We definitely should get it well before the seasonal flu peak arrives. The past three seasons saw minor peaks around Christmas with the major peak in February.
• 2009 H1N1 Vaccine:
  • Availability may be spotty because of the priority system, which is applied differently in different places.
  • Get it as soon as it is available, because the VIRUS IS AMONG US! Rampant in some schools.
  • In the meantime, we might be well advised to stay away from groups of people, especially young people.
  • Some doctors say that the vaccine might not do much good anyway, because compromised immune systems can't muster a proper response, but
  • To me that sounds like an excuse and not a reason. If it "might not" do much good then it also "might" do some good, and that's enough for me.
  • That same excuse could be used for skipping the seasonal flu vaccine, and no doctor suggests that.
  • I have not heard of any downside of the H1N1 vaccine, other than the rare problems that can occur with any flu vaccine. If you have heard otherwise, please comment.

We three have some airplane flights coming up, and have even talked about wearing medical masks in that wheezy, sneezy, huddled mass of humanity. We'll see!

** Halloween humor

---

Salad as dinner.

Mayo Clinic Visit Thursday, September 17, 2009, end of Cycle 20

Every treatment for myeloma seems to fail eventually. Somehow the cancer evolves, and the M-spike starts to climb again. On this Phase II trial of pomalidomide with dexamethasone (DEX), M-spike is checked every 28 days. It had been stable or dropping in recent months, but this time it went up, from 0.8 to 0.9 g/dL. Furthermore, this appears to be a real change, because IgG also went up 9%, from 979 to 1070 mg/dL, the highest level since February. Lambda light chains increased too.

But the news isn't quite as scary as it sounds. First, a small increase in M-spike doesn't necessarily mean that the bottom has been reached - we have seen M-spike go up before and then come back down again. It's happened twice already this year. Second, the increase in IgG could be due to an immune-system response to some sub-clinical invader in my body. In fact this seems fairly likely, because my white count and neutrophils are up slightly from last month and eosinophils are through the roof. Something may be going on besides myeloma at the moment.

Bottom lines:

• I'll have to wait another month to see if M-spike is really turning upward again. I sure hope not - it would be wonderful to get a nice, long ride from pomalidomide, because the drug regimen is relatively easy to take. When it fails, I will no doubt need to switch to something with more side effects.
• This uptick in M-spike coincides exactly with a reduction in the DEX dosage from 8 mg to 4 mg once weekly. So my hopes of going off DEX in the upcoming cycle are null and void. In another 28 days we'll see.

Related links:

	My Myeloma		A discussion of my myeloma, not very technical.
	My Treatment History		Not technical.
	My Test Charts		Graphic displays of several key test results over time.
	My Test Result Table		Best with a wide browser window. Very "technical."

Some recent test results:

Test		Jun 25		Jul 23		Aug 20		Sep 17		Remarks
M-spike g/dL		0.9		0.8		0.8		0.9		Best tumor measure
IgG mg/dL		1010		1010		979		1070		Variation is normal
L FLC mg/dL		2.63		1.95		2.07		2.54		L Free light chains
Calcium mg/dL		9.6		9.7		10.0		9.9		Below 10.2 is best
Creat mg/dL		1.0		1.1		1.0		1.1		Kidney, lower is better
HGB g/dL		14.0		14.8		14.5		14.7		Hemoglobin, normal
RBC M/uL		3.93		4.13		4.01		4.08		Red cell count, low
WBC K/uL		5.6		3.9		3.7		4.1		White cells, normal

Discussion with Dr. KDS:

Don:

• Peripheral neuropathy from the pomalidomide might be a little worse. It measures the same, but may have increased in areas that I don't measure, such as the backs of my hands. It does not interfere in my lifestyle in any way. There is no sensation from it unless I'm stepping on my feet.
• There are no red bruise marks on my arms this time. Did the reduction to 4 mg DEX make my skin less sensitive to bruising?
• I'm probably not getting slower (running) any more - maybe a little faster, though that may be psychological.

KDS:

• Wants me to stay on the current 4 mg dosage of DEX for at least 2 cycles before discontinuing it. So at least one more.
• DEX can cause steroid-induced myopathy, but my modest reduction in muscle capacity does not qualify.
• Muscle wasting is probably reversible if DEX can ever be discontinued.
• There is some risk of avascular necrosis of the hip with long-term DEX usage, but she can't quantify it. Balance that unknown risk against the other unknown risk of dying sooner from myeloma. Yikes.

KDS on Flu Vaccine:

• Get the 2009 H1N1 vaccine when it is available to people in my risk stratum. Immuno-compromised old people are at the top of the "second tier."
• According to the CDC (I looked this up): First tier is pregnant women, then health care workers, then all people age 6 months to 24 years, then people age 25-64 who have health conditions which put them at extra risk. Those first-tier groups comprise about half the population!
• Those of us who are over 64 probably have some immunity already, so we go later, even if we are immuno-compromised.
• Get the seasonal flu vaccine no later than November, but maybe sooner if the "regular" flu season (ignoring 2009 H1N1) seems to be peaking early.
• The two vaccines can be taken on the same day.
• Here is a link to the CDC 2009 H1N1 Flu Page.
• Here is a link to the CDC Weekly Update on Seasonal Flu.

My own flu shot advice: Keep in mind that I am an engineer and not a doctor, so feel free to IGNORE THIS ADVICE: Be sure to get the seasonal flu shot, because it may be at least as important as the 2009 H1N1 shot. Tens of thousands of people die every year from seasonal flu, especially immuno-compromised people.

IMF Patient & Family Seminar

Friday, August 28, and Saturday, August 29:

The International Myeloma Foundation (IMF) Patient & Family Seminar was interesting and information-packed, to say the least. We heard doctors from all around the country discuss topics like Ask the Expert, Managing Side Effects, Frontline Therapy, Role of Transplant, Bone Disease, and Approaches to Relapse. I think that about 100 of us myelomiacs attended, many with their caregivers. I've been dealing with myeloma for six years now, so a lot of the information was not new, but here are a few things that I learned, or perhaps re-learned:

Transplants:

• It appears to make little difference in overall time of survival whether the transplant is done early or late, as long as stem cells are collected early before the bone marrow gets all beat up. A current Dana-Farber trial may clarify this further.
• More transplants are done for myeloma than for any other disease.
• The mortality rate for a single autologous transplant is less than 1%.
• Revlimid can decrease the yield of a later stem-cell collection.
• Medicare wil pay for one transplant up to age 76.

New Treatments & Tests:

• Three- and four-drug combinations can produce very good initial responses, but it's not yet clear what happens if and when the combo fails. Will the individual drugs have any impact then?
• Carfilzomib, the new proteazome inhibitor, is much less apt to cause neuropathy than is Velcade. Currently available only in trials.
• Denosumab is a new monoclonal antibody with the potential to help treat osteoporosis and repair bone damage. It may replace Aredia and Zometa in some cases. Currently available only in trials.
• Pomalidomide, the new thalidomide analogue, is succeeding in its Phase II trial and is now scheduled for a Phase III trial in 2010. Only available in trials.
• A new "power needle" for bone marrow biopsies has been approved by the FDA. When manufacturing problems are overcome and it becomes available, it will make biopsies quicker and less bothersome.

Bone:

• Myeloma causes bone damage in about 80% of patients, but not in the other 20%. This is unrelated to the aggressiveness of the myeloma. As it happened, a survey of attendees showed that 80% of us had bone disease.
• Aredia and Zometa can eventually saturate the bones with bisphosphonate, and the half-life is 10 years, so therapy should be cut way back.
• There is a risk of necrosis of the hip joint, and perhaps other joints, with prolonged dexamethasone use, especially with concurrent bisphosphonates. This is a serious problem if it occurs. The risk of occurrence is low, but I'm thinking I've maybe had about enough DEX.

Other Stuff:

• Mayo Clinic in Arizona still uses high-dose dexamethasone with Revlimid or Velcade for the first two cycles, to get a rapid response. Often a rapid response is important for patients who have recurring disease.
• Neuropathy from Velcade may be painful, whereas neuropathy from thalidomide or Revlimid is more likely to present as numbness.
• Velcade neuropathy is likely to improve if treatment stops, though, whereas neuropathy from thalidomide usually does not.
• Ibuprofen can defeat some of the anti-clotting benefit of aspirin. Oops.
• "Hemonc" is short for hematologist/oncologist. Maybe I'll try that at Mayo, see if it flies.
• Diet is important. Dr Durie's advice: (1) Don't eat anything that your grandmother wouldn't recognize, and (2) Shop around the edges of the supermarket.
• There seemed to be a growing consensus that myeloma can be caused by benzene and various pasticides, even herbicides.
• Two attendees reported that they were diagnosed with myeloma shortly after a significant weight loss. Dr Durie pointed out that toxins are stored in body fat, and may flood the body when fat is lost.

Anything that I should add?


Sunday's breakfast. There is oatmeal under there somewhere.